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ADHD Medication in the UK Since the first time that ADHD was recognized in the 1980s, ADHD medication has evolved. Britain falls somewhere between Europe and America in terms of choices of psychostimulants. Stimulants are legally classified as controlled drugs because they have the potential to be misused and may cause adverse effects. Most people with ADHD can achieve a balance between their symptoms, and the medications they use. Methylphenidate Methlphenidate is a drug that is used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is a member of a class of drugs referred to as central nervous system stimulants. It helps by increasing concentration and reducing the amount of restlessness and impulses experienced by children and adults suffering from ADHD. It is only available by prescription from a physician and should be taken in conjunction with other treatments, such as educational, social and psychological ones. Methylphenidate works by stimulating dopamine receptors in the brain. It is a mixture of d- and L-isomers with the d being the more active. It is a powerful stimulant that can raise the heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature. It is not recommended for pregnant women or breastfeeding mothers. If doses are properly monitored and titrated properly it is generally safe to use in children. In the UK, methylphenidate is prescribed frequently to children suffering from ADHD. It is the most commonly prescribed medication prescribed for this condition among young people aged between 15 and 21. This may reflect a change in the diagnosis of ADHD in this age group, or an increase in the use of medications that are not approved for the condition. A recent longitudinal study revealed, however, that the use ADHD medications did not increase the risk of serious adverse side consequences in this age range. Although methylphenidate has been shown to be safe for long-term use but it can trigger adverse effects like insomnia, irritability, and appetite loss. Before starting the medication, it is essential to discuss any potential risks with your physician. Methlphenidate should only be used in small doses and for short durations. There are a variety of brands of methylphenidate available in the UK that include the long-acting and short-acting varieties. The first is sold under brand name Ritalin and the second is sold as Concerta XL. The long-acting version of the medication is referred to as Biphentin XL. It is a multi-layer release system that is delivered in two phases: delayed and immediate. In addition to reducing symptoms of ADHD In addition, methylphenidate may reduce tics in people with Narcolepsy and Tourette's Syndrome. It can also be used to treat depression. It is not recommended for people suffering from bipolar disorder or psychotic disorders. Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) is a drug that is used to treat the disorder of attention deficit hyperactivity. It works by improving the performance of areas of the brain which control self-control, attention, and self-control. It is typically prescribed by a specialist doctor however, other ADHD medications can be considered first. Lisdexamfetamine is available in capsule and chewable tablet form, with 10-70 milligrams of medication in each dose. It is available by prescription only and is best taken in the morning, with the aid of a glass of water. It is not recommended for use in children under 6 years older and should not be used by people who are breastfeeding or pregnant. It could cause serious health issues for certain people. Therefore it is essential to see a doctor if you have any health or allergy concerns prior to beginning treatment. Like many stimulant drugs, lisdexamfetamine could cause adverse effects in certain people. These include a fast or irregular pulse, a rapid increase in blood pressure and sweating. They may also cause pupils that are dilated, an unusually enthusiastic or agitated mood, or a fast or irregular heartbeat. There are also those who experience difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, have anxiety, and the loss of appetite. These symptoms should be reported immediately to your doctor, since they could be signs of an overdose or serious reaction. Keep lisdexamfetamine out of reach of children in a safe place. The medication should be stored at room temperature, and away from excessive heat and moisture. If stored properly, lisdexamfetamine can last up to two months. Do not store it for longer than this time, because it will lose its effectiveness. If you don't have the means to dispose of the unused lisdexamfetamine or if it has expired, mix it up with something non-toxic, such as cat litter, dirt or coffee grounds, and then throw it into the garbage. It is recommended to keep a record of your lisdexamfetamine usage for example, a leaflet for patients or a repeat prescription. The doctor will determine the length of treatment and frequency of reviews. They will also provide ongoing monitoring as described in section 8. It is expected that primary care will take on some of this responsibility, dependent on the local arrangements. Ritalin Methylphenidate is the main drug used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the UK. It aids in reducing symptoms of ADHD by enhancing concentration and focus, which can improve overall behaviour. It is a part of a treatment program that includes behavioural therapy. Treatment for ADHD can trigger a range of adverse effects, including stomach upsets, headaches and sleep problems. Children with severe ADHD may also experience mood swings or depression. If any of these symptoms are present, discuss them with your doctor. Methylphenidate is usually taken in tablet form, but it can be administered as a liquid or chewable medicine. It comes in tablets of various sizes. It also contains gelatine, which could make it unsuitable for some patients with a mild lactose intolerance. In the UK there is methylphenidate as the most sought-after ADHD medication accounting for 94 percent of prescriptions. The two next treatments are atomoxetine (also called dexamfetamine) and Atomoxetine (also known as methylphenidate). Both have shown some efficacy in clinical studies. However there are some concerns about the overdiagnosis of ADHD in the UK and a possible overprescription of drugs to treat the condition. This is likely due to the absence of mental health services in certain areas of the UK. A recent study found that methylphenidate was the most effective medication when treating children with ADHD. Its effect was more than two times as strong than a placebo and was the only drug that significantly improved teacher ratings of behavior. Other second-line medications weren't as effective, but did improve symptoms when as compared to placebos. The NIHR-funded study examined data from 14 748 children aged five and less. The majority of the children were boys. 85% received a prescription for ADHD medication. The study revealed that prescriptions for ADHD medications had increased in steady increments until 2007 before they it slowed down. The increases were more noticeable in younger children and male patients. Treatments for ADHD help by enhancing the activity of brain chemicals which allows them to transfer messages more easily between cells. They are typically taken once or twice per every day. Atomoxetine is another ADHD medication that is commonly prescribed in the UK. It is also referred to as Strattera. This is a non-stimulant medication and performs differently to dexamfetamine and methylphenidate. It increases noradrenaline levels which improves concentration and impulse control. Adderall Since the first diagnosis of ADHD the medications have been improved dramatically. There are now medication for adhd of options. The UK is in the middle between Europe and America in terms of options, and a psychiatrist will carefully titrate the medications to find the right dose for each person. The majority of medicines work in the same way by increasing neurotransmitters that help brain cells communicate. Stimulants are the most common type of medication prescribed for ADHD and can boost activity in the regions of the brain that regulate the behavior and attention. This can help improve focus, reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. They can also assist with other issues that could be associated with ADHD like anxiety or depression. Adderall is the brand name used to describe amphetamine salts, which are the most widely used stimulants to treat ADHD in the US and Europe. Adderall is frequently abused by those who do not suffer from ADHD. It can lead to an addiction and heart problems. It is also linked to mood changes, anger and confusion. In the UK it is only prescribed by qualified medical professionals under strict conditions. A psychiatrist will closely monitor your progress in order to ensure that you do not have any adverse reactions. A time-release version of Adderall was released in the past few years, which prolonged the delivery of the drug into the bloodstream. It was also said to be less addictive than the original drug. It is not endorsed by NHS and you'll require a private prescription from a psychiatrist. A psychiatrist can prescribe Atomoxetine, which is sold in the UK under the name Strattera as a substitute for stimulants. This is distinct from other ADHD medication because it does not raise levels of dopamine in the brain. It does increase noradrenaline which is a chemical that is found in the brain and acts as a messenger for information. It is a slow-acting drug and can take a few weeks to begin working. A doctor might also recommend that you receive other therapies in addition to your medication. These include behavioral therapy and psychoeducation. Psychoeducation involves talking to a therapist regarding your problems, and can help children and teenagers to comprehend their ADHD diagnosis and learn to manage it. Behavioural Therapy makes use of rewards to encourage positive behavior. It can be carried out by teachers, parents or as in a family therapy.